https://www.tomlaffay.com/ckdnt-epidemic daily 0.75 2015-08-25 https://www.tomlaffay.com/home daily 0.75 2017-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1509227921027-04JLWJ3JVN2O0FV3CAN4/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4743_full.jpg HOME https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1509227921027-04JLWJ3JVN2O0FV3CAN4/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4743_full.jpg HOME https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1509228007880-ZZ9MYYC5RTIPVF7YM176/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3694_full.jpg HOME https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1509228012656-QV5HKVZ8PBAPPDB4M0WS/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1701.jpg HOME https://www.tomlaffay.com/new-gallery daily 0.75 2019-01-02 https://www.tomlaffay.com/new-cover-page daily 1.0 2020-06-17 https://www.tomlaffay.com/defender-1 daily 0.75 2017-10-06 https://www.tomlaffay.com/shadows-in-the-sun daily 0.75 2019-05-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177291105-QVBZA51NQWPZNL6FOFD2/Laffay_CKD_ELS_16003_8056.jpg Shadows in the Sun A man drags cut sugarcane in the early morning at the La Carrera plantation near the Bay of Juiquilisco, El Salvador. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475866794020-J171QUG79UNG6MG80GSC/TPL_CKD_15026+%2816+of+31%29.jpg Shadows in the Sun A sugarcane cutter near Los Almendros, El Salvador covered in soot and charred cane one early morning. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177311009-OLHVPN9EV8B0M8L8CQBA/TPL_CKD_ELS_16003_2379.jpg Shadows in the Sun A section of green cane that went unburnt the night before is torched to discard of the leaves while workers proceed to cut through the field in Los Almendros, Cuscatlan, El Salvador. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177284851-GHC0FJP4LXHGY5SP31YQ/Laffay_CKD_ELS_16003_4723.jpg Shadows in the Sun Celson Martinez, 40, of Los Almendros eats breakfast in a sugarcane field near Suchitoto, El Salvador. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177304773-LDGX14X2P0TV93D9E7FU/TPL_CKD_ELS_16003_2054.jpg Shadows in the Sun Miguel Abrego Rivera, 32, of Los Almendros, Cuscatlan, El Salvador cuts cane with a new machete as part of the WE Program. He says he can typically cut 10 tons a day with the new one, but today only 5 due to bad conditions of the sugarcane. He finished his studies in accounting but gave up working in the city because he prefers working in the country in agriculture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177312477-PHSRS2N9EN4ZB5WDN14Y/TPL_CKD_ELS_16003_2576.jpg Shadows in the Sun Father and son, Nelson, 36, and Javier, 18, Garcia of Masatepeque cut sugarcane together. Nelson, who lived and worked as a painter in Utah for 3 years, worries about the security situation deteriorating in his community. As the drought worsens, and the sugarcane doesn't grow much, families slip deeper into poverty, making people, especially young men, desperate to provide for their families, often times turning to crime. This is Javier's first year cutting sugarcane. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177293655-VTWE80Y0OX0DTXBMGLZU/Laffay_CKD_ELS_16003_8199.jpg Shadows in the Sun Maria Martinez, 40, of La Carrera, Juiquilisco, El Salvador, collects the leftover scraps of sugarcane that machines could not pick up and puts them into piles which are later collected and transported to the mill. She used to work in the plantain operations and she has a 12 year old daughter sick with Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown causes who receives treatment at a local hospital. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177294431-CESXQRUQTFTF59GMPV2R/Laffay_CKD_ELS_16003_8215.jpg Shadows in the Sun Maria Martinez, 40, of La Carrera, Juiquilisco, El Salvador, collects the leftover scraps of sugarcane that machines could not pick up and puts them into piles which are later collected and transported to the mill. She used to work in the plantain operations and she has a 12 year old daughter sick with Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown causes who receives treatment at a local hospital.   https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177288193-4YGFPRG8PQMXIYH7XGW8/Laffay_CKD_ELS_16003_6215.jpg Shadows in the Sun Kevin Alfonso Alas Enriquez, 24, of San Jose Guayabal, used to work cutting sugarcane but now works as part of a team that carries shade tents and water into a sugarcane field outside of Apopa, El Salvador. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475177316487-HYH9KBARS69QGZAIYOJ9/TPL_CKD_ELS_16003_2731.jpg Shadows in the Sun Workers participating in the accelerometer study take a break under the shade canopies provided as part of the WE Program in a sugarcane field outside of Los Almendros, Cuscatlan, El Salvador. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475178259905-FE9EWT9UI81VBMO0S1AS/TPL_CKD_ELS_16003_2840.jpg Shadows in the Sun Adolfo Antonio Paises Hernandez, 20, of Los Almendros, Cuscatlan, El Salvador cuts cane while particpating in an accelerometer study. During the week of February 22-28 researchers working with the WE Program used state of the art accelerometers to measure the difference in work load between the two machetes used by sugarcane cutters in the program. https://www.tomlaffay.com/campensinado daily 0.75 2019-05-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475439829213-8PIYJQXSQRKP7Z86UZ5N/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_0484_full.jpg Campesinado Concepcion Volcano, Ometepe, Nicaragua rises through plantain plantations. Ometepe's main export is plantains and exports to El Salvador and Honduras in addition to nationally.   https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475439632826-FICGC2L52TOTPJLD8PB2/Laffay_Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_0490_full.jpg Campesinado Eliezer Jose Ugoster, 16, at his father's plantain plantation, in Santa Teresa, Ometepe. Their land is under threat to be confiscated by the governemnt if the Grand Canal project goes through. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617315405-TCLENQEV72YX07ILY1HO/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_0548_full.jpg Campesinado Workers at a plantain plantation, in Santa Teresa, Ometepe Their land is under threat to be confiscated by the governemnt if the Grand Canal project goes through https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475878535816-FOJIBGLCNY1N7UPCB314/Laffay_Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_0730_full+%281%29.jpg Campesinado Egdomilia Mora Hernandez at home with her husband. A native of Ometepe Island, she promises to defend her land to the death if the government forces her and her family off of it due to construction of the Interoceanic Canal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617353137-A28D46EQA90UOPJJ2DV1/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_5069.jpg Campesinado A babtism on the shores of Lake Nicaragua with the twin peaks of Ometepe Island in the distance near Rivas, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617356096-JP724MA03LGKHZ8GTESA/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_5092.jpg Campesinado "Arboles de Vida" or "trees of life" stand tall and colorful, built by the government in Managua, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617338763-K3FLD78606V82DXH2QME/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3694_full.jpg Campesinado Local farmers gather and prepare to sell at a market day in Palo Bonito on the banks of the Punta Gorda river in the early morning. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617342787-YAMZEXJLXCZIEFHBW8M9/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3797_full.jpg Campesinado Esteban Fajardo, 60, of Provenir RAAS, with his horses where he has come to sell products at a market day in Palo Bonito on the banks of the Punta Gorda river in the early morning. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617314422-V3IRNG066JNG66UTP0HQ/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_1222_full.jpg Campesinado Francisca "Chica" Ramirez, an anti canal leader among campesinos in El Roble, Rio San Juan, gathers local campesinos together to inspire their attendance at the upcoming protest in El Tule. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617317625-17P74CYXXKAGQ1Q9CMXG/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_1286_full.jpg Campesinado Women and children sit quietly and listen to their husbands speaking with Francisca "Chica" Ramirez as they discuss upcoming protest and potential forced displacement from their lands due to the Interoceanic Canal megaproject in El Roble, Rio San Juan, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617346501-WR0LU8BM8JUL7TPJLQD6/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4044_full.jpg Campesinado People and their livestock cross the bridge uniting the two sides of the community of Polo Dearollo on the Punta Gorda River. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475877227846-CJSISLJA9L7GKPC1SDPG/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3816_full.jpg Campesinado Medardo Mairena of Punta Gorda, RAAS, Nicaragua, leader of the Consejo Nacional anti canal movement visits communities along the banks of the Punta Gorda river. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617344087-2855TLPZBOCMXRPIGXIY/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3916_full.jpg Campesinado Medardo Mairena of Punta Gorda and Pedro Mena of La Fonseca, leaders of the Consejo Nacional anti canal movement visit communities to speak with farmers along the banks of the Punta Gorda river. Pictured here at the home of Sr. Escalon with his son in Masayon, RAAS, Nicaragua. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617335501-18C746YH9ZLYBWCWQFE8/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3662_full.jpg Campesinado A man travels by boat to buy freshly produced milk from famers in the Paolo Bonito community on the Punta Gorda river in the early morning. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617327824-PUOCNPF75GT3XUQX8FTE/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_2752_full.jpg Campesinado Javier Carmona eats breakfast with his sons Elder and Marcos the morning of a protest in nearby El Tule against the Nicaraguan Canal project and the Ley 840. Javier, a community leader and organizer with the Consejo Nacional which is fighting against the Ley 840 and the proposed Canal project by the government in order to protect their land. The proposed route and 20 km band of expropriation places his land under threat. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617177378-2CDVTB5A9VGZ7YF8PFEL/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_1972_full.jpg Campesinado Manuel Aviles working on his farm with his sons. On December 24, 2015 while participating in an anti canal protest in El Tule, he was arrested and taken to El Chipote prison in Managua, where he was beaten by police. Taken in El Jicaro, RAAS, Nicaragua. June 12, 2016. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475439671936-KESPY3L4HPJF84G69X9V/Laffay_Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_2738_full.jpg Campesinado Javier Carmona teaches his youngest sons Bernni and Jelver to milk the cows the morning before a protest against the Nicaraguan Canal. Javier, a community leader and organizer with the Consejo Nacional which is fighting against the Ley 840 and the proposed Canal project by the governemnt in order to protect their land https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617318900-XWEERD5W578Y80YRTW69/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_1343_full.jpg Campesinado Driving out of El Roble back to Nueva Guinea, RAAS, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617234559-OWCREZAIQN9W2BYQDY19/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3030_full.jpg Campesinado Javier Carmona speaks to fellow campesinos at a protest against the Ley 840 and the Nicaraguan Canal project which could expropriate tens of thousands of families' property's most of whom are small farmers, or campesinos. The protest in El Tule is on the same site as the protest on December 24, 2015 when police violently dispersed protesters with rubber bullets and tear gas, wounding multiple people including shooting out the eye of one man, and arresting more than 25 people. El Tule, Rio San Juan, Nicaragua, https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617332328-OWNQDAH13TZ6GXC1P4D3/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_2800_full.jpg Campesinado Trying to keep dry, crowds huddle under umbrellas and a small structure which has been spray painted "No Canal, No Law 840" and "Daniel Ortega sells our country" at a protest against the Ley 840 and the Nicaraguan Canal project which could expropriate tens of thousands of families' property's most of whom are small farmers, or campesinos. The protest in El Tule is on the same site as the protest on December 24, 2015 when police violently dispersed protesters with rubber bullets and tear gas, wounding multiple people including shooting out the eye of one man, and arresting more than 25 people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617222602-T3EVSE8ZRVYPHG0YJ8I2/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3017_full.jpg Campesinado Members of the Consejo Nacional pass out mangos to hungry protesters at a protest against the Ley 840 and the Nicaraguan Canal project which could expropriate tens of thousands of familes' property's most of whom are small farmers, or campesinos. The protest in El Tule is on the same site as the protest on December 24, 2015 when police violently dispersed protesters with rubber bullets and tear gas, wounding multiple poeple including shooting out the eye of one man, and arresting more than 25 people. El Tule, Rio San Juan, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617331950-0CN6R4ROJQH0RX3YJ9CE/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_2867_full.jpg Campesinado Trying to keep dry, crowds huddle under umbrellas and a small structure which has been spray panted "No Canal, No Law 840" and "Daniel Ortega sells our country" at a protest against the Ley 840 and the Nicaraguan Canal project which could expropriate tens of thousands of familes' property's most of whom are small farmers, or campesinos. The protest in El Tule is on the same site as the protest on December 24, 2015 when police violently dispersed protesters with rubber bullets and tear gas, wounding multiple people including shooting out the eye of one man, and arresting more than 25 people. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475875407788-RA2LM280CAGRV9RNZKIW/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4222_full.jpg Campesinado Fisherman paddle back to shore from a shrimping boat off the coast of Monkey point, an afro-kriol community on Nicaragua's southeastern Caribbean coast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617353351-AAXMUW33QYGG4SY3672B/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4762_full.jpg Campesinado Children of the indigenous Rama community of Bankukuk, on Nicaragua's southeastern Caribbean coast play on the beach on June 18, 2016 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475439806619-TWTAIHJTM86BEJ8TEWP7/Laffay_Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4542_full.jpg Campesinado Wendy Quinn, 24, vice-president of Monkey point, and Ligia Bridgette McElroy return to their village on horseback after planting rice with other community members on her farm near their community, an afro-kriol community on Nicaragua's southeastern Caribbean coast. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1553293413059-UZCZIVUFRQ8KBO1EKDUU/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_4743_full.jpg Campesinado https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475617338737-V9LHDV08FO4GTNH3PCUB/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_3730_full.jpg Campesinado renor Jose Gonsales Rivas, 19 and his wife Irma Aguilar Garcia with their son at a market day in Palo Bonito where they sell goods on the banks of the Punta Gorda river in the early morning. If the Gran Canal project were to go forward, the river would be dredged as a shipping lane for cargo ships to pass from the Caribbean to the Pacific, removing farmer and indigenous communities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475439806048-PVJUBVOELMLYIDUKDXM6/Laffay_TPL_NGC_16007_0225_full.jpg Campesinado On the shores of Lake Nicaragua with the twin peaks of Ometepe Island in the distance near Rivas, Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475440096286-9H651RNCATUQKAH3GB1B/nataliething.jpg Campesinado https://www.tomlaffay.com/contact daily 0.75 2016-10-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1475610337671-ESWJC7AHRA9R03FVO601/image-asset.jpeg Contact https://www.tomlaffay.com/the-fixers daily 0.75 2020-06-22 https://www.tomlaffay.com/mobile daily 0.75 2016-10-18 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Men and women workers scrape, haul and carry salt in Marakannum, Tamil Nadu, India. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1481765261939-1CR6IMEW3WPYZT13UPI5/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0073.jpg India https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1481765254197-TPR622NBT6CPHE9NUNED/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0037.jpg India https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1482269942541-MBPREDNV2MYNK4SO9LWK/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0179+2.jpg India CKDnT widows of Balliputugga, AP, India sit together in their village where 126 women have been widowed by the disease, and some of whom are affected themselves. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1481765269641-BYABQCGCXNP8ADLF2IAG/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0139.jpg India Dunna Laksmi, 40 a rice farmer and widow of CKDnT in Balliputuga, AP, India. 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Kamalamma, of Balliputaga, Andrah Pradesh, India. As a rice farmer, she is currently sick with CKDnT and was widowed by the same disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1482269936009-8LWUV3XK8YMBM6WVR4WP/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0172.jpg India   Pandava Suryakantam, 70 of Balliptugga, AP, India is a CKDnT patient and widow of the same disease. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1482269941008-HRWFIP3JUINDG83XHL24/Laffay_CKD_IND_1601_0176+2.jpg India Hemavathi, 45 of Balliputugga, AP, India https://www.tomlaffay.com/born-out-of-war daily 0.75 2017-04-27 https://www.tomlaffay.com/sri-lanka daily 0.75 2019-05-02 https://www.tomlaffay.com/peru daily 0.75 2019-05-02 https://www.tomlaffay.com/nicaragua daily 0.75 2019-05-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500478984643-6NENPX2A67EZCNF9U28N/Laffay_CKD_15004-779.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500478988434-5F1IOFSWWZPWWFAP2HJ8/Laffay_CKD_15004-787.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479029697-F4UEJGR6J5KBTRY9XDWL/Laffay_CKD_15004-794.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479029789-WM0YSWM9L2EQ9J0VT4Z7/Laffay_CKD_15004-868.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479103899-N9PT62YIEXEK5YXQYWJU/Laffay_CKD_15004-3113.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479100571-454WHR2YVEAQKOV51TLF/Laffay_CKD_15004-3149.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479141632-3IOFT6OMOSYRRESV0W19/Laffay_CKD_15004-3319.jpg Nicaragua https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1500479152482-TA1ABFNI38I0YU13TUNE/Laffay_CKD_15004-3524.jpg Nicaragua https://www.tomlaffay.com/defender daily 0.75 2018-01-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496962128588-L4FWAK1J6QZHOYWOUWV8/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_388.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, walks to her state provided bullet proof SUV with her bodyguard after a syndicate meeting in Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 8, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511219898581-1XB4ZV9U68F7EI6GLUJH/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_401.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa (left), human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, rides home with a young member of her collective in her state assigned bullet proof car after a syndicate meeting in Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 8, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870705854-M2QSM8S4Q8GHA2X74JLO/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_378.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, speaks with Imelda Oliva Martinez Reyes whose two children were disappeared, after a meeting at the Central Unitaria de Trabajadores in Bucaramanga, Colombia on May 8, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870428231-60C05C0Z8I7FLTFAVR0A/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3222.jpg DEFENDER Descending 80 meters into the mountain to a ASOMIWA gold mine. The mining cooperative that has built the community's and it’s own infrastructure, investing its profits in its people is now threatened by a private company to be displaced in order to sell the land to a transnational mining company. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220797868-SG3HJ8OT3HZ4T74L64J4/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3404.jpg DEFENDER   Daniel Ortiz, 48, from Cordoba, Colombia was unemployed on the coast and came to Mina Walter looking for a job. Since May 2016, he has been working to remove stones from the earth. Mina Walter South Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511222276327-HNTKU5ODUGTDDKE2WKQM/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2293-2.jpg DEFENDER   Members of the ASOMIWA work barreling the mud of the mountain in a process to extract gold. South Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870348732-BIHJ0UZCL65D5SL88RO8/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2348.jpg DEFENDER Evan Manuel Sepa Anguilla, 24, William Moreno, 37, Luis Miguel Gil, 39 and Servant Four, 29 work mechanized, spinning barrels to separate the mud of the mountain in a process to extract gold. They are members of the ASOMIWA cooperative which is being threatened by a private mining company that wants to sell the land to a transnational corporation. South Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870623157-HTKPXZC3QQLH35X1VGPB/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2367-Pano-2.jpg DEFENDER In the community of Alto Caribona, known as Mina Walter, there is no presence of the Colombian State. It was built and maintained by the people themselves who generate electricity, provide water, built the school, church, clinic and the gold mines themselves. South Bolivar, Colombia May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511221599639-Y1EKGL6JHO963IGT8Q3G/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2846.jpg DEFENDER Marisol Cueto, 42 (second from left), with her nieces Mayerly, 24, Yessica, 12 and Viviana, 32 in her restaurant. Marisol was one of the founders of Mina Walter 15 years ago and is now concerned that her family and business may be displaced by economic interests in the mine by a private company. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220385684-2JTG0S04X9B30CXAN7YL/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2995.jpg DEFENDER   Kids play soccer on the court made by the mining companies and the ASOMIWA cooperative in the middle of the community. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870373953-FSA0EIHVLW5CEU3HPSKK/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3170.jpg DEFENDER José Manuel, 35, and his wife Luz Marina originally from Otavalo, Ecuador have been in Sur Bolívar for 17 years selling clothes in mining towns but feel at ho Mina Walter is home now where they are part of the community. Jose works in the mine every now and then to earn more money to send remittances to his four children in Ecuador. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870387571-F1HJC9OQ0E7R80HV54QO/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3663.jpg DEFENDER ASOMIWA president, Alirio Rojas Viejas (left), has received multiple threats against his life due to his activism by the paramilitary group Los Gaitanistas. Mina Walter, Bolívar, Colombia May 11, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220445592-03A78JZ8KADKXAUM8NOB/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3819.jpg DEFENDER Soldiers on an early morning patrol in the town of Santa Rosa where the Colombian state had never had a real presence before the new peace accords. Bolivar, Colombia May 13, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220440620-0Q3ZHSKI0VWKM57NG8ZI/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3731.jpg DEFENDER   Angel Custodio Luque, one of the leaders of ASOMIWA who has been threatened by paramilitaries, ELN and the Colombian state for his work with the cooperative, in a van returning to Santa Rosa at night. Mina Walter, South Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220344193-OM2QKRO2WMH59B56M5B7/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_1665.jpg DEFENDER Community leaders and their families from Mina Walter fear to return to their town due to security concerns involving the military and possible paramilitary presence around Mina Walter. They stay with friends and family members in Santa Rosa. Many of them, already displaced by the conflict, fear they will be displaced again by the state, paramilitaries and private business working together to seize their gold mine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870398281-X943URT8VIL0LFI91ZNM/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_426.jpg DEFENDER The writing on the walls of the streets of Bucaramanga read, "Destroy this society, it's defenders, it's false critics." Bucaramanga, Colombia May 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220330086-7M43KZ6PPEG7ZV2VYCQ7/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_1106.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa smokes a cigarette outside of a meeting while talking with her younger colleagues in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870446403-V0BSSLGVBEJ40JM03AEI/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_1159.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, meets with two young lawyers from the region who she is recruiting into her cooperative in the office during the evening in Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511220101577-GNQA9UA3YFA9TORI4VVJ/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_619.jpg DEFENDER Imelda Olivia Martinez Reyes, 56, sits with a portrait of her daughter who was disappeared in 2004 at the age of 16 years old. Her son was also disappeared, presumably by paramilitaries, for her involvement in the Union Patriotica. She formed FUDECOLOMBIA, an organization working for disappearance victims' rights in the department of Santander. She still does not know what ever happened to her children. Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870651815-DU57PDVGGJ7VSG8VLQ7Y/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_714.jpg DEFENDER Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, in the street outside her office. She has received multiple death threats in the street and has been followed, fearing for her life at times. She is now assigned two armed escorts, a bullet proof jacket and an armored truck for her protection, although she fears her very own escorts' ties to the military may put her at risk. Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869825054-BYP3FI59ORHVM297QGJ0/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1162.jpg DEFENDER Sandra Perez, 34, of Unuma, Meta, of the Sikuani indigenous nation worries about her younger brother who has been vocal against the oil company Ecopetrol and its contamination of the land. Due to so much violence against social leaders in the region, she fears for his life. Rubiales, Puerto Gaitan, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1511294598113-89JB91ZMU1D0F58X8QRO/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_432.jpg DEFENDER A lone, black bird flies over the plains. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869894929-J7EPAYDVBFTXZ9HMZ9BG/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1228.jpg DEFENDER Landscape of plains and hills around the community of Rubiales, Meta where oil has been extracted for more than 25 years, first by Canadian company Pacific Rubiales, and now by Ecopetrol. According to local leaders and environmentalists, rivers and land has been polluted and it’s caused earthquakes affecting local infrastructure. April 10, 2017. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817273557-9CDHWQ5K1IZPWL2DPDJX/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_52.jpg DEFENDER Héctor Sánchez environmental and community defender steps into his vehicle, a bullet proof SUV driven by his body guard, protection measures provided by the Colombian state due to the threats against his life. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869762347-R8H9J1ETYWDG0I5RQQSL/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_112.jpg DEFENDER Members of the Sikuani community enter a meeting between Ecopetrol and the community in the village of Rubiales, Meta. The oil company wants to double the amount of water used in its oil extraction that is returned to the rivers from 300,000 barrels a day to 700,000 barrels a day. During the meeting Ecopetrol explained to the community that it the practice is safe. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817299772-80IJGU4UDB6JEBKUCHP7/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_322.jpg DEFENDER A community member of Rubiales, Meta speaks in front of the oil company Ecopetrol during a community meeting offering his testimony of contamination wrought by oil exploration. Ecopetrol called the meeting as it aims to expand its dumping of water used in oil extraction into the rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters of water a day. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817283809-LS8GJZ7U3J2VD30ITT7C/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_164.jpg DEFENDER Members of the local government and the National Association Environmental Licenses listen to arguments between Ecopetrol oil company and the community as Ecopetrol aims to expand its dumping of water used in oil extraction into the rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters of water a day. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817289463-26XRFWCF9AMYDDIWX95V/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_194.jpg DEFENDER Security forces and workers stand by idly during a meeting held between Ecopetrol oil company and the local community in Rubiales, Meta. Signs posted by the community members read, "No more contamination! No amplification of the environmental license!" and "We are in the hands of the multinationals supported by a corrupt state that doesn't recognize the farmers." Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817273866-LQZVMW3KZF4QN4SIA8MF/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_146.jpg DEFENDER Two Ecopetrol employees shake hands while two local fishermen affected by oil pollution listen to a meeting between Ecopetrol and the community of Rubiales to ask permission to increase the amount of water used in the extraction of oil from rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters Liters per day. Human rights defenders claim links between oil companies and paramilitary groups. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869902301-O4AUDQKBSIBD06FYYSPN/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_994.jpg DEFENDER Trucks carrying Ecopetrol oil kick up thick dust through a landscape crisscrossed by pipes carrying oil and water. Locals complain that dust pollution has caused respiratory problems and pollution from noise has affected animals and humans alike. April 9, 2017. Vereda Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502820050034-TRJCFJS97PV1334T0416/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_506.jpg DEFENDER Héctor Sánchez stands along the fenceline of an Ecopetrol base in Rubiales, Meta where he is not allowed to enter. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817434755-L732JGWSIQ850L3ALY38/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1402.jpg DEFENDER Oil processing infrastructure in Rubiales, Meta where water used to extract the oil is filtered before being returned to the rivers. April 9, 2017. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869807578-PADFCE6URHHQ1OQEC5QA/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_822.jpg DEFENDER Children play in a pool Sunday afternoon near the community of Rubiales. Many of the rivers in the region have been contaminated by oil spills, contaminated mud runoff or recycled water used in oil extraction which is returned to the rivers. Many parents fear that these waters can affect their children. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817332108-V20KQS1WQAXA0AOLLOH0/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1512.jpg DEFENDER Synthetic material covers a tributary riverbank to prevent erosion where filtered water used for oil extraction is pumped back into local rivers. Cano Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496958537994-4OTOLRWUK4L5RSO46JVS/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1471.jpg DEFENDER Synthetic material covers the bank of the river to resist erosion of the land by filtered waters used in oil extraction that are returned to the rivers by Ecopetrol near Rubiales. Ecopetrol is asking for permission from local communities to increase the amount of these waters used in the extraction of oil and then filtered and cleaned from 300,000 barrels to 700,000 barrels a day. Rubiales, Puerto Gaitan, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817333975-V9WFFL11ESEFKRJ425BH/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1476.jpg DEFENDER A lizard perches upon the synthetic material covering the riverbank as filtered water used in oil extraction is duped back into the river. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817341264-M1PI2GZX9G9T24L80XJL/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1771.jpg DEFENDER Hector Sanchez goes over paperwork sent by Ecopetrol with Azdrubal Linares Vaca, a local farmer who's freshwater lagoons were contaminated by an oil spill. One side to Hector's work is assisting community members with building their legal cases after their properties have been contaminated. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869842391-SQTOPMTNJKU8MXGRCDOZ/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1701.jpg DEFENDER Azdrubal Linares Vaca, a local farmer, facing the only freshwater lagoon on his property he says that has not been contaminated by oil. An oil spill in the Caño Rubiales in 2013 contaminated 5 of its 6 lagoons and killed all his animals, also polluting his family's water source. St. Helena, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817323587-3Y2NKGO4DV303J4KCK5A/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1256.jpg DEFENDER   The family home of of Jose Jesus Barregan Rodriguez of Cano Rubiales who grew up here and has worked the land since before the oil company Ecopetrol arrived. Living roughly one kilometer from a water injection pad, his land experiences frequent earthquakes which has damaged the house. For fighting for the rights of the local community members, he cannot get work with the company, so to provide for his 8 children and his Sikuani wife, he fishes or works on local farms. "In one day, there are 2, 4, 5, 7 tremors, and that has damaged the houses, has damaged everything we have here." Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817303365-BF9KXIMTMS60YJ7RZTMR/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_886.jpg DEFENDER In front of a construction site where a new police station will be built, a sign clearly reads "This is a work of the national police and does not belong to Pacifc Rubiales" the former oil company which sold its shares to Ecopetrol. Rubiales, Puerto Gaitan, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817317311-65YUDOZWLSCD0R9LHE5E/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1160.jpg DEFENDER Ecopetrol engineers talk outside a mobile office in an Ecopetrol operations base near the community of Rubiales. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502822099664-RZEQCGGDHMEQIP50QGSU/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_669.jpg DEFENDER Héctor Sánchez spends time with frinds in his community during a mall barbeque on a Sunday afternoon. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817307587-BI5QH2W38UAG5KGPOR9B/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_988.jpg DEFENDER Hector Sanchez photographs oil contaminated mud that was recently dumped illegally by a dump truck. When it rains, the mud will end up flowing into the local rivers. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817317961-I4LUB86JMLK2RM9AHWE6/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1137.jpg DEFENDER A creek bed caked in oil contamninated mud where an oil spill occured months earlier. Evidence of the spill and subsequent clean up shown by police tape that runs through the dying trees. Rubiales Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817310469-J9KGMJQW99976GH262WQ/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1026.jpg DEFENDER The reflection of Hector Sanchez as he passes by an oil refinery while traveling with his bodyguard in an armored SUV provided to him by the Colombian state as part of his National Protection Unit. Hector has received several death threats from the "Aguilas Negras" and believes that the threats really come from Ecopetrol security forces who want to intimidate him to dislodge his community for his activism.For six months he has had this security scheme of an armored car, two bodyguards and a bulletproof vest. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817343104-O6UM2YOKKDJ9QYYKGL1Q/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1969.jpg DEFENDER Modesto Paredes Vega, 66, says, "paradise is over," referring to his land of 10 hectares that he bought 10 years ago. Apart from the forest full of birds and animals that he says are gone, Modesto had a fish project where he had 1,000 fish in baskets in the river that died due to the hot and polluted water that Ecopetrol pumped into the rivers. His land also experiences earthquakes, 800 in a year due to its being located next to to Pad 6, a water injection platform used for oil extraction. Modesto says he is now environmentally displaced. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870933727-GEI7KK8ECMGD76OCLUVA/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_939.jpg DEFENDER   Members of ASOQUIMBO return to their hometown at 3am after a ceremonious homecoming for their battle against the Italian transnational company ENEL which constructed the Quimbo dam on the Magdalena River, displacing some 30,000 farmers and fishermen and disrupting a productive agricultural region. Neiva, Huila, Colombia. 18 de marzo, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496972637651-UWKUOP9N1GYH55O3YWGJ/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1162.jpg DEFENDER An old boat floats among dead trees in the flooded Magdalena river valley which is now a reservoir for the Quimbo hydroelectric dam near the town of Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496876569925-AODM63JQZAXIV84BBRGQ/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1214.jpg DEFENDER A jet ski passes under a recently constructed bridge running over the Quimbo dam reservoir that fills the Magdalena river valley near the town of Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870905049-JJY2Q0QPPPFP4C1JNHDV/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_251.jpg DEFENDER Members of ASOQUIMBO join together in a rally in the central park of Neiva, Huila to listen to Miller Dussan and other resistance leaders before a homecoming event in the capital city. Neiva, Huila, Colombia 2017 / Miembros de ASOQUIMBO durante un plantón de los líderes del movimiento en el parque central de Neiva, Huila. 17 de marzo, 2017. Neiva, Huila, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870918125-CMCL9KX1BGORKZS26K73/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_773.jpg DEFENDER Members of ASOQUIMBO stand together in front of a large crowd to receive a ceremonious homecoming for their battle against the Italian transnational company ENEL which constructed the Quimbo dam on the Magdalena River. Neiva, Huila, Colombia. 17 de marzo, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870926250-YPRGB7UMDSE9VI8T389P/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_624.jpg DEFENDER Miller Dussan, professor and leader of ASOQUIMBO is interviewed by the local media during a homecoming rally for the resistance in Neiva, Huila, Colombia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871016171-19IGDFXIZFPX5W8XY4EI/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1548.jpg DEFENDER A fisherman manages to catch a fish in a flooded tributary river that used to flow through forest into the Magdalena River, but now dies in the reservoir created by the Quimbo dam, greatly reducing the fish population due to algae blooms and disruption of habitat. Near Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871096513-U3AG5YSE66VUZPSUPWB1/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1595.jpg DEFENDER Stumps are all that is left of forest that once stood along the banks of a tributary river that flowed into the Magdalena River and was the source of fishing for many local fishermen before the construction of the Quimbo dam. Near Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870948769-0CTG5ZJZIXY7R63PW2YL/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_2589.jpg DEFENDER A young man observes the Magdalena River a few kilometers after the Quimbo dam from a restaurant lookout. Writing on the wall says "Forbidden to climb the wall." Local fishermen say that according to the construction of the dam, the river no longer flows and has reduced the amount of fish to a level below what they can subsist on. March 19, 2017. Near the Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871472753-P2ZTSD8HX4023KF43A97/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_2380.jpg DEFENDER Miller Dussan (second from right), professor and leader of ASOQUIMBO rides up to the base of the Quimbo dam with local fishermen who have been part of the resistance to the construction of dams along the Magdalena river. Neiva, Huila, Colombia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1517411727123-GOMG6BDZ8IUKKBY1YELZ/Laffay_TPL_CAU_17008__4039.jpg DEFENDER https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1497020967254-K652BQFKSLUQCL5A45Q0/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_57.jpg DEFENDER https://www.tomlaffay.com/yuliana daily 0.75 2017-08-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690310470-FMU5BAEIEHCCVSATJTAH/A_TPL_YUS_16018_1304.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690309249-0ZJ975PQWYXEA2PDGQWH/B_TPL_YUS_16018_1257.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690321619-COZFNDGWWAE2A04HZKZN/C_TPL_YUS_16018_930.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690322098-SGCDWHCTNKDSDXG7QREQ/D_TPL_YUS_16018_1281.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690333244-Z4K7J8JQ881Q4Q5Q1F9F/E_TPL_YUS_16018_1064.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690333122-RYZMW2AT19OJ367K9XPT/F_TPL_YUS_16018_1027.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690346691-LN6CFGDL6LJ6HTRI5FP0/G_TPL_YUS_16018_1131.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690343645-LUSC3JR4ZXR5RJGMGKVF/H_TPL_YUS_16018_1197.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690355683-DAZAO7JX6GZUOE69ZFPJ/I_TPL_YUS_16018_1370.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690356653-13J2WVQ8F3D20RF603GE/J_TPL_YUS_16018_1366.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690362843-4I51EHP01WEI37UGJK5J/K_TPL_YUS_16018_1333.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690398760-0HSU6SOKB51307VTYBEA/TPL_YUS_16018_732.jpg Yuliana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1503690365027-MC4J4MV6L0QNHZNDIJPA/L_TPL_YUS_16018_1172.jpg Yuliana https://www.tomlaffay.com/defender-esp daily 0.75 2017-12-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496962128588-L4FWAK1J6QZHOYWOUWV8/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_388.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, walks to her state provided bullet proof SUV with her bodyguard after a syndicate meeting in Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 8, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870705854-M2QSM8S4Q8GHA2X74JLO/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_378.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, speaks with Imelda Oliva Martinez Reyes whose two children were disappeared, after a meeting at the Central Unitaria de Trabajadores in Bucaramanga, Colombia on May 8, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870428231-60C05C0Z8I7FLTFAVR0A/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3222.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Descending 80 meters into the mountain to a ASOMIWA gold mine. The mining cooperative that has built the community's and it’s own infrastructure, investing its profits in its people is now threatened by a private company to be displaced in order to sell the land to a transnational mining company. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870348732-BIHJ0UZCL65D5SL88RO8/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2348.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Evan Manuel Sepa Anguilla, 24, William Moreno, 37, Luis Miguel Gil, 39 and Servant Four, 29 work mechanized, spinning barrels to separate the mud of the mountain in a process to extract gold. They are members of the ASOMIWA cooperative which is being threatened by a private mining company that wants to sell the land to a transnational corporation. South Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870623157-HTKPXZC3QQLH35X1VGPB/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2367-Pano-2.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) In the community of Alto Caribona, known as Mina Walter, there is no presence of the Colombian State. It was built and maintained by the people themselves who generate electricity, provide water, built the school, church, clinic and the gold mines themselves. South Bolivar, Colombia May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870367274-FY6R94DGEMV1TYMBAIHK/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_2846.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Marisol Cueto, 42 (second from left), with her nieces Mayerly, 24, Yessica, 12 and Viviana, 32 in her restaurant. Marisol was one of the founders of Mina Walter 15 years ago and is now concerned that her family and business may be displaced by economic interests in the mine by a private company. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia May 12, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870373953-FSA0EIHVLW5CEU3HPSKK/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3170.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) José Manuel, 35, and his wife Luz Marina originally from Otavalo, Ecuador have been in Sur Bolívar for 17 years selling clothes in mining towns but feel at ho Mina Walter is home now where they are part of the community. Jose works in the mine every now and then to earn more money to send remittances to his four children in Ecuador. Mina Walter, Sur Bolivar, Colombia. May 12, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870387571-F1HJC9OQ0E7R80HV54QO/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_3663.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) ASOMIWA president, Alirio Rojas Viejas (left), has received multiple threats against his life due to his activism by the paramilitary group Los Gaitanistas. Mina Walter, Bolívar, Colombia May 11, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870398281-X943URT8VIL0LFI91ZNM/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_426.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) The writing on the walls of the streets of Bucaramanga read, "Destroy this society, it's defenders, it's false critics." Bucaramanga, Colombia May 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870446403-V0BSSLGVBEJ40JM03AEI/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_1159.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, meets with two young lawyers from the region who she is recruiting into her cooperative in the office during the evening in Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870651815-DU57PDVGGJ7VSG8VLQ7Y/Laffay_CAJ_JUL_17007_714.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Julia Figueroa, human rights lawyer and leader of the CCALP, all women's legal collective, in the street outside her office. She has received multiple death threats in the street and has been followed, fearing for her life at times. She is now assigned two armed escorts, a bullet proof jacket and an armored truck for her protection, although she fears her very own escorts' ties to the military may put her at risk. Bucaramanga, Colombia. May 9, 2017. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869825054-BYP3FI59ORHVM297QGJ0/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1162.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Sandra Pérez de 34 años de Unuma, Meta, de la nación indígena Sikuani. Sandra se preocupa por su hermano menor que ha sido vocal contra las compañías petroleras y su contaminación de la tierra. Debido a tanta violencia contra los líderes sociales en la región, ella teme por su vida. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia 9 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869762347-R8H9J1ETYWDG0I5RQQSL/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_112.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Mayores de la comunidad Sikuani entran a una reunión entre Ecopetrol y la comunidad. 8 de abril de 2017 Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817273557-9CDHWQ5K1IZPWL2DPDJX/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_52.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Héctor Sánchez, líder comunitario de la vereda de Rubiales sale de su camioneta blindada, la cual le fue entregada por el estado Colombiano como parte de su Unidad Nacional de Protección. Héctor ha recibido varias amenazas de muerte de los "Águilas Negras" y cree que las amenazas realmente provienen de fuerzas de seguridad de Ecopetrol que quieren intimidar a desalojar de su comunidad por su activismo. Lleva seis meses en su esquema de protección con carro blindado, dos guardaespaldas y un chaleco antibala. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. 10 de abril, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817299772-80IJGU4UDB6JEBKUCHP7/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_322.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A community member of Rubiales, Meta speaks in front of the oil company Ecopetrol during a community meeting offering his testimony of contamination wrought by oil exploration. Ecopetrol called the meeting as it aims to expand its dumping of water used in oil extraction into the rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters of water a day. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817283809-LS8GJZ7U3J2VD30ITT7C/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_164.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Members of the local government and the National Association Environmental Licenses listen to arguments between Ecopetrol oil company and the community as Ecopetrol aims to expand its dumping of water used in oil extraction into the rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters of water a day. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817294282-HS36OZJDINF9WBCJW9HS/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_213.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Members of the Sikuani indigenous people listen to Ecopetrol explain why it wants to expand its dumping of water used in oil extraction into the rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters of water a day. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817289463-26XRFWCF9AMYDDIWX95V/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_194.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Security forces and workers stand by idly during a meeting held between Ecopetrol oil company and the local community in Rubiales, Meta. Signs posted by the community members read, "No more contamination! No amplification of the environmental license!" and "We are in the hands of the multinationals supported by a corrupt state that doesn't recognize the farmers." Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817273866-LQZVMW3KZF4QN4SIA8MF/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_146.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Two Ecopetrol employees shake hands while two local fishermen affected by oil pollution listen to a meeting between Ecopetrol and the community of Rubiales to ask permission to increase the amount of water used in the extraction of oil from rivers from 300,000 liters to 600,000 liters Liters per day. Human rights defenders claim links between oil companies and paramilitary groups. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 8, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869894929-J7EPAYDVBFTXZ9HMZ9BG/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1228.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Paisaje alrededor de la comunidad de Rubiales, Meta, donde petróleo ha sido extraído por más de 25 años, primero por la compañía canadiense Pacific Rubiales y ahora por Ecopetrol. Según líderes locales y ambientalistas, los ríos y la tierra han sido contaminados, lo que ha causado terremotos que afectan la infraestructura local. 10 de abril de 2017 Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869902301-O4AUDQKBSIBD06FYYSPN/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_994.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Camiones levantan un polvo grueso a través de un paisaje entrecruzado por las tuberías que llevan aceite y agua. Pobladores se quejan de que la contaminación del polvo ha causado problemas respiratorios y la contaminación por el ruido ha afectado tanto a animales como a seres humanos. 9 de abril de 2017 Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502820050034-TRJCFJS97PV1334T0416/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_506.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Héctor Sánchez stands along the fenceline of an Ecopetrol base in Rubiales, Meta where he is not allowed to enter. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817434755-L732JGWSIQ850L3ALY38/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1402.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Oil processing infrastructure in Rubiales, Meta where water used to extract the oil is filtered before being returned to the rivers. April 9, 2017. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869807578-PADFCE6URHHQ1OQEC5QA/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_822.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Niños juegan en una piscina un domingo por la tarde. Muchos de los ríos de la región han sido contaminados por derrames de petróleo, escurrimiento de lodo contaminado o agua reciclada utilizada en la extracción de petróleo que se devuelve a los ríos. Los padres temen que estas aguas puedan afectar a sus hijos. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia 9 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817332108-V20KQS1WQAXA0AOLLOH0/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1512.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Un material sintético que cubre las orillas del río para el control de la erosión que ha transformado el paisaje natural. Rubiales, Puerto Gaitán, Meta, Colombia. 10 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496958537994-4OTOLRWUK4L5RSO46JVS/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1471.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Material sintético cubre la orilla del río para resistir la erosión de la tierra causada por las aguas utilizadas en la extracción de petróleo que se devuelven a los ríos. Ecopetrol le está pidiendo permiso a las comunidades locales de aumentar la cantidad de agua utilizada en la extracción de petróleo y luego filtrada de 300.000 barriles a 700.000 barriles diarios. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia 10 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817333975-V9WFFL11ESEFKRJ425BH/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1476.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A lizard perches upon the synthetic material covering the riverbank as filtered water used in oil extraction is duped back into the river. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817341264-M1PI2GZX9G9T24L80XJL/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1771.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Hector Sanchez goes over paperwork sent by Ecopetrol with Azdrubal Linares Vaca, a local farmer who's freshwater lagoons were contaminated by an oil spill. One side to Hector's work is assisting community members with building their legal cases after their properties have been contaminated. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 10, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496869842391-SQTOPMTNJKU8MXGRCDOZ/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1701.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Asdrubal Linares Vaca, un agricultor local en su propiedad. Un derrame de petróleo en el Caño Rubiales en el 2013 contaminó 5 de sus 6 lagunas y mató a todos sus animales, contaminando también la fuente de agua de su familia. Santa Elena, Meta, Colombia. 10 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817323587-3Y2NKGO4DV303J4KCK5A/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1256.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol)   La casa y familia de José Jesús Barragán Rodríguez de Caño Rubiales quien creció aquí. Dice que "en el dia, son 2, 4, 5, 7 temblores, y todo eso ha dañado a las casas, ha dañado todo lo que tenemos acá." Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. 10 de abril, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817303365-BF9KXIMTMS60YJ7RZTMR/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_886.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) In front of a construction site where a new police station will be built, a sign clearly reads "This is a work of the national police and does not belong to Pacifc Rubiales" the former oil company which sold its shares to Ecopetrol. Rubiales, Puerto Gaitan, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817317311-65YUDOZWLSCD0R9LHE5E/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1160.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Ecopetrol engineers talk outside a mobile office in an Ecopetrol operations base near the community of Rubiales. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502822099664-RZEQCGGDHMEQIP50QGSU/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_669.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Héctor Sánchez spends time with frinds in his community during a mall barbeque on a Sunday afternoon. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817307587-BI5QH2W38UAG5KGPOR9B/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_988.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Hector Sanchez photographs oil contaminated mud that was recently dumped illegally by a dump truck. When it rains, the mud will end up flowing into the local rivers. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817317961-I4LUB86JMLK2RM9AHWE6/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1137.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A creek bed caked in oil contamninated mud where an oil spill occured months earlier. Evidence of the spill and subsequent clean up shown by police tape that runs through the dying trees. Rubiales Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817343104-O6UM2YOKKDJ9QYYKGL1Q/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1969.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Modesto Paredes Vega de 66 años, dice que "el paraíso ha terminado", refiriéndose a sus 10 hectáreas de tierra que compró hace 10 años. Aparte del bosque lleno de pájaros y animales que él dice han desaparecido, Modesto tenía un proyecto de pescado donde tenía 1.000 peces en cestas en el río que murió debido al agua caliente y contaminada que es devuelta a los ríos. Su tierra también experimenta terremotos, 800 en un año debido a la proximidad de su propiedad a Pad 6, una plataforma de inyección de agua para extraer petróleo. Modesto dice que se convertirá en un desplazado ambiental. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia 10 de abril de 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1502817310469-J9KGMJQW99976GH262WQ/Laffay_CAJ_HEC_17007_1026.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) The reflection of Hector Sanchez as he passes by an oil refinery while traveling with his bodyguard in an armored SUV provided to him by the Colombian state as part of his National Protection Unit. Hector has received several death threats from the "Aguilas Negras" and believes that the threats really come from Ecopetrol security forces who want to intimidate him to dislodge his community for his activism.For six months he has had this security scheme of an armored car, two bodyguards and a bulletproof vest. Rubiales, Meta, Colombia. April 9, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1512661144930-VKHHJ8LADKJ5JTT2U2CQ/Laffay_TPL_CAU_17008__4039.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870933727-GEI7KK8ECMGD76OCLUVA/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_939.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol)   Members of ASOQUIMBO return to their hometown at 3am after a ceremonious homecoming for their battle against the Italian transnational company ENEL which constructed the Quimbo dam on the Magdalena River, displacing some 30,000 farmers and fishermen and disrupting a productive agricultural region. Neiva, Huila, Colombia. 18 de marzo, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496972637651-UWKUOP9N1GYH55O3YWGJ/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1162.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) An old boat floats among dead trees in the flooded Magdalena river valley which is now a reservoir for the Quimbo hydroelectric dam near the town of Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496876569925-AODM63JQZAXIV84BBRGQ/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1214.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A jet ski passes under a recently constructed bridge running over the Quimbo dam reservoir that fills the Magdalena river valley near the town of Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870905049-JJY2Q0QPPPFP4C1JNHDV/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_251.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Members of ASOQUIMBO join together in a rally in the central park of Neiva, Huila to listen to Miller Dussan and other resistance leaders before a homecoming event in the capital city. Neiva, Huila, Colombia 2017 / Miembros de ASOQUIMBO durante un plantón de los líderes del movimiento en el parque central de Neiva, Huila. 17 de marzo, 2017. Neiva, Huila, Colombia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870918125-CMCL9KX1BGORKZS26K73/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_773.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Members of ASOQUIMBO stand together in front of a large crowd to receive a ceremonious homecoming for their battle against the Italian transnational company ENEL which constructed the Quimbo dam on the Magdalena River. Neiva, Huila, Colombia. 17 de marzo, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870926250-YPRGB7UMDSE9VI8T389P/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_624.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Miller Dussan, professor and leader of ASOQUIMBO is interviewed by the local media during a homecoming rally for the resistance in Neiva, Huila, Colombia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871016171-19IGDFXIZFPX5W8XY4EI/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1548.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A fisherman manages to catch a fish in a flooded tributary river that used to flow through forest into the Magdalena River, but now dies in the reservoir created by the Quimbo dam, greatly reducing the fish population due to algae blooms and disruption of habitat. Near Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871096513-U3AG5YSE66VUZPSUPWB1/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_1595.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Stumps are all that is left of forest that once stood along the banks of a tributary river that flowed into the Magdalena River and was the source of fishing for many local fishermen before the construction of the Quimbo dam. Near Las Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. March 18, 2017 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496870948769-0CTG5ZJZIXY7R63PW2YL/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_2589.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) A young man observes the Magdalena River a few kilometers after the Quimbo dam from a restaurant lookout. Writing on the wall says "Forbidden to climb the wall." Local fishermen say that according to the construction of the dam, the river no longer flows and has reduced the amount of fish to a level below what they can subsist on. March 19, 2017. Near the Jaguas, Huila, Colombia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/54139f17e4b0fb5c3b4b4b7e/1496871472753-P2ZTSD8HX4023KF43A97/Laffay_CAJ_MIL_17007_2380.jpg DEFENDER (Espanol) Miller Dussan (second from right), professor and leader of ASOQUIMBO rides up to the base of the Quimbo dam with local fishermen who have been part of the resistance to the construction of dams along the Magdalena river. 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